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rev. 4765a?indco?01/04 features internal frequency-to-voltage converter externally controlled integrated amplifier automatic soft start with minimized ?dead time? voltage and current synchronization retriggering triggering pulse typically 155 ma internal supply-voltage monitoring temperature-compensated reference source current requirement 3ma electrostatic sensitive device. observe precautions for handling. description the integrated circuit U209B is designed as a phase-control circuit in bipolar technol- ogy with an internal frequency-to-voltage converter. the device includes an internal open-loop amplifier, which means it can be used for motor speed control with tacho feedback. the U209B is a 14-pin shrink version of the u211b with reduced features. using the U209B, the designer is able to realize sophisticated as well as economic motor control systems. figure 1. block diagram control amplifier voltage monitoring reference voltage output pulse frequency- to-voltage converter phase control unit soft start 10(10) 11(11) 12(12) 8(8) 7(7) voltage/current detector automatic retriggering 14(16) 1(1) 4(4) ? = f (v 11 ) -v s gnd + - -v s 5(5) 6(6) 3(3) 2(2) 13(15) 9(9) U209B supply voltage limitation pin numbers in brackets refer to so16 package phase control ic for tacho applications U209B
2 U209B 4765a?indco?01/04 figure 2. block diagram with typical circuitry for speed regulation r 3 2 2 0 k ? r 4 4 7 0 k w r 2 - v s 3 . 3 n f g n d c 1 2 2 2 5 v c 1 0 2 . 2 1 6 v r 1 3 2 2 0 ? m r 1 1 8 k ? d 1 2 w r 8 2 m ? 6 8 k ? r 6 c 6 1 0 0 n f 2 . 2 1 6 v c 7 c 8 2 2 0 n f 2 2 k ? r 7 c 3 2 . 2 1 6 v c 5 1 n f r 5 1 k ? s p e e d s e n s o r c 4 2 2 0 n f l n v m = 2 3 0 v ~ c o n t r o l a m p l i f i e r v o l t a g e m o n i t o r i n g s u p p l y v o l t a g e l i m i t a t i o n r e f e r e n c e v o l t a g e o u t p u t p u l s e f r e q u e n c y - t o - v o l t a g e c o n v e r t e r p h a s e c o n t r o l u n i t s o f t s t a r t 1 0 9 1 1 1 2 8 7 6 3 2 1 3 v o l t a g e / c u r r e n t d e t e c t o r a u t o m a t i c r e t r i g g e r i n g 1 4 1 5 4 = f ( v 1 1 ) + - s c 2 a c t u a l s p e e d v o l t a g e 6 8 0 k ? r 1 1 1 0 0 k ? c 9 2 . 2 / 1 6 v r 1 2 1 0 0 k ? r 1 0 5 6 k ? r 9 4 7 k ? s e t s p e e d v o l t a g e f f f f f ? - v u 2 0 9 b
3 U209B 4765a?indco?01/04 pin configuration figure 3. pinning dip14 i sync gnd -v s output v rp c p f/v c rv op- op+ ctr/opo c soft v ref v sync 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 pin description pin symbol function 1i sync current synchronization 2 gnd ground 3-v s supply voltage 4 output trigger pulse output 5v rp ramp current adjust 6c p ramp voltage 7 f/v frequency-to-voltage converter 8c rv charge pump 9 op- op inverting input 10 op+ op non-inverting input 11 ctr/opo control input/op output 12 c soft soft start 13 v ref reference voltage 14 v sync voltage synchronization
4 U209B 4765a?indco?01/04 figure 4. pinning so16 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 i sync gnd -v s output v rp c p f/v c rv op- op+ ctr/opo c soft v ref v sync ovl i sense pin description pin symbol function 1i sync current synchronization 2 gnd ground 3-v s supply voltage 4 output trigger pulse output 5v rp ramp current adjust 6c p ramp voltage 7 f/v frequency-to-voltage converter 8c rv charge pump 9 op- op inverting input 10 op+ op non-inverting input 11 ctr/opo control input/op output 12 c soft soft start 13 i sense load-current sensing 14 ovl overload adjust 15 v ref reference voltage 16 v sync voltage synchronization
5 U209B 4765a?indco?01/04 description mains supply the U209B is equipped with voltage limiting and can therefore be supplied directly from the mains. the supply voltage between pin 2 (+ pol/ ) and pin 3 builds up across d 1 and r 1 , and is smoothed by c 1 . the value of the series resistance can be approximated using: further information regarding the design of the mains supply can be found in the section ?design calculations for mains supply? on page 9. the reference voltage source on pin 13 of typically -8.9 v is derived from the supply voltage and represents the reference level of the control unit. operation using an externally stabilized dc voltage is not recommended. if the supply cannot be taken directly from the mains because the power dissipation in r 1 would be too large, the circuit as shown in figure 5 should be used. figure 5. supply voltage for high current requirements phase control the function of the phase control is largely identical to that of the well known integrated circuit u2008b. the phase angle of the trigger pulse is derived by comparing the ramp voltage (which is mains synchronized by the voltage detector) with the set value on the control input pin 4. the slope of the ramp is determined by c 2 and its charging current. the charging current can be varied using r 2 on pin 5. the maximum phase angle max can also be adjusted by using r 2 . when the potential on pin 6 reaches the nominal value predetermined at pin 11, a trig- ger pulse is generated whose width t p is determined by the value of c 2 (the value of c 2 and hence the pulse width can be evaluated by assuming 8 s/nf). the current sensor on pin 1 ensures that, for operation with inductive loads, no pulse is generated in a new half cycle as long as a current from the previous half cycle is still flowing in the opposite direction to the suppl y voltage at that instant. this makes sure that ?gaps? in the load current are prevented. the control signal on pin 11 can be in the range 0 v to -7 v (reference point pin 2). if v 11 = -7 v, the phase angle is at maximum = max , i.e., the current flow angle is at minimum. the minimum phase angle min is when v 11 = v pin 2 . r 1 v m v s ? 2 i s --------------------- = 123 4 5 c 1 r 1 24 v~ ~ U209B
6 U209B 4765a?indco?01/04 voltage monitoring as the voltage is built up, uncontrolled output pulses are avoided by internal voltage sur- veillance. at the same time, all latches in the circuit (phase control, soft start) are reset and the soft-start capacitor is short-circuited. used with a switching hysteresis of 300 mv, this system guarantees defined start-up behavior each time the supply voltage is switched on or after short interruptions of the mains supply. soft start as soon as the supply voltage builds up (t 1 ), the integrated soft start is initiated. figure 6 shows the behavior of the voltage across the soft-start capacitor, which is identical with the voltage on the phase control input on pin 11. this behavior guarantees a gentle start-up for the motor and automatically ensures the optimum run-up time. c 3 is first charged up to the starting voltage v o with typically 30 a current (t 2 ). by reduc- ing the charging current to approximately 4 a, the slope of the charging function is also substantially reduced, so that the rotational speed of the motor only slowly increases. the charging current then increases as the voltage across c 3 increases giving a pro- gressively rising charging function which accelerates the motor with increasing rotational speed. the charging function determines the acceleration up to the set-point. the charging current can have a maximum value of 50 ma. figure 6. soft start v c3 t v 12 v 0 t 1 t tot t 2 t 3 t 1 = build-up of supply voltage t 2 = charging of c 3 to starting voltage t 1 + t 2 = dead time t 3 = run-up time t tot = total start-up time to required speed
7 U209B 4765a?indco?01/04 frequency-to-voltage converter the internal frequency-to-voltage converter (f/v converter) generates a dc signal on pin 9 which is proportional to the rotational speed, using an ac signal from a tacho gen- erator or a light beam whose frequency is in turn dependent on the rotational speed. the high impedance input with a switch-on threshold of typically -100 mv gives very reliable operation even when relatively simple tacho generators are employed. the tacho fre- quency is given by: n = revolution per minute p = number of pulses per revolution the converter is based on the charge pumping principle. with each negative half wave of the input signal, a quantity of charge determined by c 5 is internally amplified and then integrated by c 6 at the converter output on pin 9. the conversion constant is determined by c 5 , its charging voltage of v ch , r 6 (pin 9) and the internally adjusted charge amplifica- tion g i . k = g i c 5 r 6 v ch the analog output voltage is given by v o = k f where: v ch = 6.7 v g i = 8.3 the values of c 5 and c 6 must be such that for the highest possible input frequency, the maximum output voltage v 0 does not exceed 6 v. the r i on pin 8 is approximately 6 k ? while c 5 is charging up. to obtain good linearity of the f/v converter the time constant resulting from r i and c 5 should be considerably less (1/5) than the time span of the neg- ative half cycle for the highest possible input frequency. the amount of remaining ripple on the output voltage on pin 9 is dependent on c 5 , c 6 and the internal charge amplification. the ripple ? v o can be reduced by using larger values of c 6 , however, the maximum con- version speed will then also be reduced. the value of this capacitor should be chosen to fit the particular control loop where it is going to be used. control amplifier the integrated control amplifier with differential input compares the set value (pin 10) with the instantaneous value on pin 9, and generates a regulating voltage on the output pin 11 (together with external circuitry on pin 12). this pin always tries to keep the real voltage at the value of the set voltages. the amplifier has a transmittance of typically 110 a/v and a bipolar current source output on pin 11 which operates with typically 100 a. the amplification and frequ ency response are determined by r 7 , c 7 , c 8 and r 8 (can be left out). for operation as a power divider, c 4 , c 5 , r 6 , c 6 , r 7 , c 7 , c 8 and r 8 can be left out. pin 9 should be connected with pin 11 and pin 7 with pin 2. the phase angle of the triggering pulse can be adjusted using the voltage on pin 10. an internal lim- iting circuit prevents the voltage on pin 11 from becoming more negative than v 13 + 1 v. f n 60 ------ p(hz) = ? v o g i v ch c 5 c 6 ------------------------------------ - =
8 U209B 4765a?indco?01/04 pulse-output stage the pulse-output stage is short-circuit protected and can typically deliver currents of 125 ma. for the design of smaller triggering currents, the function i gt = f (r gt ) can be taken from figure 15 on page 15. automatic retriggering the automatic retriggering prevents half cycles without current flow, even if the triacs have been turned off earlier, e.g., due to not exactly centered collector (brush lifter) or in the event of unsuccessful triggering. if necessary, another triggering pulse is generated after a time lapse of t pp =4.5t p and this is repeated until either the triac fires or the half cycle finishes. general hints and explanation of terms to ensure safe and trouble-free operation, the following points should be taken into con- sideration when circuits are being constructed or in the design of printed circuit boards. the connecting lines from c 2 to pin 6 and pin 2 should be as short as possible, and the connection to pin 2 should not carry any additional high current such as the load current. when selecting c 2 , a low temperature coefficient is desirable. the common (earth) connections of the set-point generator, the tacho generator and the final interference suppression capacitor c 4 of the f/v converter should not carry load current. the tacho generator should be mounted without influence by strong stray fields from the motor. figure 7. explanation of terms in phase relationship v v gt v l i l /2 3/2 2 t p t pp = 4.5 t p mains supply trigger pulse load voltage load current ?
9 U209B 4765a?indco?01/04 design calculations for mains supply the following equations can be used for the evaluation of the series resistor r 1 for worst case conditions: where: v m = mains voltage 230 v v s = supply voltage on pin 3 i tot = total dc current requirement of the circuit = i s + i p + i x i smax = current requirement of the ic in ma i p = average current requirement of the triggering pulse i x = current requirement of other peripheral components r 1 can be easily evaluated from figure 17 on page 16 to figure 19 on page 16. r 1max 0.85 v mmin v smax ? 2 i tot -------------------------------------- = r 1min v m v smin ? 2 i smax ---------------------------- - = p r1max () v mmax v smin ? () 2 2 r 1 --------------------------------------------- - =
10 U209B 4765a?indco?01/04 absolute maximum ratings stresses beyond those listed under ?absolute maximum ratings? may cause permanent damage to the device. this is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of this specification is not implied. exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability . reference point pin 2, unless otherwise specified parameters pins symbol value unit current requirement 3 -i s 30 ma t 10 s 3 -i s 100 ma synchronization current 1 i synci 5ma 14 i syncv 5ma t < 10 s 1 i i 35 ma t < 10 s 14 i v 35 ma f/v converter input current 7 i eff 3ma t <10 s 7 i i 13 ma phase control input voltage 11 -v i 0 to 7 v input current 11 i i 500 a soft start input voltage 12 -v i |v 13 | to 0 v pulse output reverse voltage 4 v r v s to 5 v amplifier input voltage 10 -v i |v s | pin 8 open 9 -v i |v 13 | to 0 v reference voltage source output current 13 i o 7.5 ma power dissipation t amb = 45 c t amb = 80 c p tot p tot 570 320 mw mw storage temperature range t stg -40 to +125 c junction temperature t j 125 c ambient temperature range t amb -10 to +100 c thermal resistance parameters symbol value unit junction ambient dip14 so16 on p.c. board so16 on ceramic substrate r thja r thja r thja 140 180 100 k/w k/w k/w
11 U209B 4765a?indco?01/04 electrical characteristics -v s = 13.0 v, t amb = 25 c, reference point pin 2, unless otherwise specified parameters test conditions pins symbol min. typ. max. unit supply voltage for mains operation 3 -v s 13.0 v limit v supply voltage limitation -i s = 3 ma -i s = 30 ma 3-v s 14.6 14.7 16.6 16.8 v v dc supply current -v s = 13.0 v 3 -i s 1.1 2.5 3.0 ma reference voltage source -i l = 10 a -i l = 5 ma 13 v ref 8.6 8.3 8.9 9.2 9.1 v v temperature coefficient 13 tc vref 0.5 mv/k voltage monitoring turn-on threshold 3 -v ton 11.2 13 v turn-off threshold 3 -v toff 9.9 10.9 v phase-control currents current synchronization 1 i synci 0.35 2.0 ma voltage synchronization 14 i syncv 0.35 2.0 ma voltage limitation i l = 5 ma 1, 14 v i 1.4 1.6 1.8 v reference ramp (see figure 8 on page 13) charge current i 6 = f (r 5 ) r 5 = 1 k ? to 820 k ? 6i 6 120a r ? -reference voltage 180 5, 3 v ? ref 1.06 1.13 1.18 v temperature coefficient 5 tc v ? ref 0.5 mv/k output pulse output pulse current r v = 0, v gt = 1.2 v 4 i o 100 155 190 ma reverse current 4 i or 0.01 3.0 a output pulse width 5, 2 t p 8s/nf automatic retriggering repetition rate 4 t pp 34.56 t p amplifier common-mode signal range 9, 10 v icr (v 13 - 1v) (v 2 - 1v) v input bias current 10 i ib 0.01 1 ma input offset voltage 9, 10 v io 10 mv output current 11 -i o +i o 75 88 110 120 145 165 a a short circuit forward, transmittance i 11 = f (v 9/10 )11y f 1000 a/v
12 U209B 4765a?indco?01/04 frequency-to-voltage converter input bias current 7 i ib 0.6 2 a input voltage limitation i i = -1 ma 7 -v i +v i 660 7.25 750 8.05 mv v turn-on threshold 7 -v ton 100 150 mv turn-off threshold 7 -v toff 20 50 mv discharge current (see figure 2 on page 2) 8 i dis 0.5 ma charge transfer voltage 8 v ch 6.50 6.70 6.90 v charge transfer gain i 9 /i 8 8, 9 g i 7.5 8.3 9.0 conversion factor c 8 = 1 nf, r 9 = 100 k ? k 5.5 mv/hz output operating range f/v output, reference point pin 13 9v o 0-6 v linearity 1 % soft start, f/v converter non-active (see figure 10 on page 13 and figure 11 on page 14) starting current v 12 = v 13 , v 7 = v 2 12 i o 20 30 50 a final current v 12 = -0.5 v 12 i o 50 85 130 a soft start, f/v converter active (see figure 9 on page 13, figure 12 on page 14) starting current v 12 = v 13 12 i o 246a final current v 12 = -0.5 v 12 i o 30 55 80 a discharge current restart pulse 12 -i o 0.5 3 10 ma electrical characteristics (continued) -v s = 13.0 v, t amb = 25 c, reference point pin 2, unless otherwise specified parameters test conditions pins symbol min. typ. max. unit
13 U209B 4765a?indco?01/04 figure 8. ramp control figure 9. soft-start charge current (f/v converter active) figure 10. soft-start charge current (f/v converter non-active) 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0 80 120 160 200 240 p h a s e a n g l e ( ) r ? (m ? ) 1.0 10 nf 4.7 nf reference point pin 2 2.2 nf c ? /t = 1.5 nf 02 4 6 8 0 20 40 60 80 100 i 1 3 ( a ) v 13 (v) 10 reference point pin 16 02 4 6 8 0 20 40 60 80 100 i 1 3 ( a ) v 13 (v) 10 reference point pin 16
14 U209B 4765a?indco?01/04 figure 11. soft-start voltage (f/v converter non-active) figure 12. soft-start voltage (f/v converter active) figure 13. f/v converter voltage limitation 0 2 4 6 8 10 v 1 3 ( v ) t = f (c3) reference point pin 16 0 2 4 6 8 10 v 1 3 ( v ) t = f (c3) reference point pin 16 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 -500 -250 0 250 500 i 8 ( a ) v 8 (v) 4 02 reference point pin 2
15 U209B 4765a?indco?01/04 figure 14. soft-start function figure 15. amplifier output characteristics figure 16. pulse output 0 2 4 6 8 10 reference point pin 16 motor in action motor standstill (dead time) t = f (c3) v 1 3 ( v ) -300 -200 -100 0 200 -100 -50 0 50 100 i 1 2 ( a ) v 10-11 (v) 300 100 reference point for i 12 = -4 v 0 200 400 600 800 0 20 40 60 80 100 r gt ( ? ) 1000 v gt = 0.8 v 1.4 v i gt (ma)
16 U209B 4765a?indco?01/04 figure 17. determination of r 1 figure 18. power dissipation of r 1 according to current consumption figure 19. power dissipation of r 1 04812 0 10 20 30 40 50 r 1 ( k ? ) i tot (ma) 16 mains supply 230 v 03 6 9 12 0 1 2 3 4 6 p ( r 1 ) ( w ) i tot (ma) 15 mains supply 230 v 5 0 102030 r 1 (k ? ) 40 mains supply 230 v 0 1 2 3 4 6 p ( r 1 ) ( w ) 5
17 U209B 4765a?indco?01/04 ordering information package information extended type number package remarks U209B-x dip14 tube U209B-xfp so16 tube U209B-xfpg3 so16 taped and reeled technical drawings according to din specifications 4.8 max package dip14 dimensions in mm 20.0 max 1.64 1.44 3.3 0.5 min 0.58 0.48 2.54 15.24 14 8 17 7.77 7.47 6.4 max 0.36 max 9.8 8.2 technical drawings according to din specifications package so16 dimensions in mm 10.0 9.85 8.89 0.4 1.27 1.4 0.25 0.10 5.2 4.8 3.7 3.8 6.15 5.85 0.2 16 9 18
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